@article {561526,
	title = {Miniaturization of Body Size: Organismal Consequences and Evolutionary Significance},
	journal = {Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics},
	volume = {24},
	year = {1993},
	note = {<p>Mj371Times Cited:196Cited References Count:181</p>},
	pages = {501-519},
	abstract = {<p>Miniaturization, or the evolution of extremely small adult body size, is a widespread phenomenon in animals. It has important consequences for both organismal biology and phyletic diversification above the species level. The miniaturized phenotype is a complex combination of ancestral and derived traits, including reduction and structural simplification, increased variability, and morphological novelty. Many features likely represent secondary consequences of size decrease, which may be the result of selection primarily for small body size or some related attribute such as life history characteristics. In some cases, miniaturization has resulted in novel bauplans associated with the origin of higher taxa. Evaluation of causes and consequences of miniaturization should consider obvious features of physical size as well as less obvious, but biologically important, features such as genome and cell size.</p>},
	keywords = {cell-size, cranial morphology, dwarfism, family plethodontidae, feeding adaptations, genome size, genus thorius amphibia, heterochrony, lungless salamanders, morphological novelty, plethodontid salamanders, progenesis, small body size, visual-system},
	isbn = {0066-4162},
	author = {Hanken, J. and Wake, D.B.}
}
